Internal-combustion engine of the two-cycle type.



- A. Gr SGHOLES. INTERNALOOMBUSTION ENGINE OF THE TWO-CYCLE TYPE.

APBLIOATION FILED JUNE 14, 1909.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

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I A. G. SGHOLES. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF THE TWO-GYGLE TYPE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14, .1909.

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' Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

UNITED STATES.-

ALFRED GEORGE scHoLEs; rnronn, ENGLAND.

mr NAL-coMEusrIoN ENGINE or TEE TWO-CYCLE TYPE.

Speeificat ionof Letters latent. Patel lteflAug. 16,1910- Application filed June 14, 1909. Serial No. 502,151.

To all-whom 'it may concern: I

Be it known that I, ALFRED G ORGE SoHoLEs, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at 41 Gordon road, Ilford, in the county of Essex, England, engineer,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Internal -Combustion. Engines of theTwo-Cycle Type, of which the following is a full and complete specification. 2 a

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the two-cycle type; and ,the

objects of my improvement are,first to ob tain a more perfect scavenging of the cylinders of the products of combustion and there by obtain an increased "olume of charge, secondly to readily effect the reversal of the engine, and thirdly to generally increase the efiiciency of this type of engine. I attain these objects by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings in .wh1ch:--

' Figure 1 is a broken view inside elevation of an engine with. three working cylinders constructed according to this invention with the reversing lever in its mid or 'intermediate position, Fig. 2 is a View in plan there: of, Fig. :3 is, a broken view in sectional ele- -vation of one pair of the tandem cylinders.

with the duplex piston at the end of its outer or working stroke, and F ig. 4" is a.

View in transverse section'through the induction ports of the working cylinder, Fig.-

5'is a broken view in side elevation of-the cam-shaft, Fig. -6 is a cross sectional "view: of the cam-shaft showing the cams for operatingthe inlet valve," Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view of the cam-shaft showing the cams for operating the scavenging valve, Fig. 8 is a sectional'view showing the relief valve, Fig. 9 .is'a sectional view showing the air "in ector nozzle in the exhaust pipe, Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are diagrams showing the times the various valves and the like function, Fig. 10 showing when the reversing leveris set to cause the engine to run in aforward direction, Fig. 11 when the reversing lever is set'to cause the engine to run in the reverse direction, and Fig. 12

- when the lever is in a mid position to enable the engine to. run in either direction.

these diagrams the operation of the exhaust is indicated on the dotted1-'circle marked 1,

that of the inlet valve on the dotted circle marked. 2, that of. the admission valve 'on the dottedcircle marked 3,-.and that of the scavenging valve on the dotted circle marked 4, while 5 designates the time of opening and 6 the tune of closing of the various ports; Throughout the other views similar partsare marked with like letters of reference. a

Eachof the Working cylinders a has an extension-of larger diameter-toward the crank-chamber b forming a second cylinder a hereinafter. called the pumping cylinder.

The piston is a duplex one the upper and smaller part forming the piston 0 ofthe working cylinder andthe lower and larger part forming the piston 0 of the pumping cylinder. The crank-shaft (Z is of the usual construction and its crank-pin is conne ted.

with the duplex piston by a suitable connecting rode. In the engine illustrated in the drawings there are three cylinders but any lesser or greater number may be employed without departing fronithejspirit and scope of iny invention.

. In each of the working cylinders are two series of ports arranged around the entire;

circumference of the cylinder, one seriesa located aboutthree-fifthsof thestroke down the. cylinder-are the; inlet ports and the other series a located so that they are 'un# covered by the piston 0 just before it reaches the end of its outward stroke are the ex haust ports. Each series of ports opens into .an annular chamber f and g respectively, the said chambers being-preferably located in l 'the water jacket of the cylinder as shown.- To the annular chamber f on one side-of the working cylinder is connected a ort or pas- ..sage it in which is a mechanically operated valve j. To the annular chambertg on the other side of the working cylinderis connected the. exhaust ipe k. The inlet ports a are arranged as s own in Fig. a to facili tate the entrance ,of the charge into {the cylinder, 2'. e'. the port or ports immediately opposite to the port or passage h is or are are ranged radially but each succeeding port on either s de is arranged less and less radially and moreandmore tangentiall The inlet ports a at or=near to. the in uction' port or Iriassage hare drilled; or fonned eta slig t angle to the horizontaljplane and those ports diametrically o posite' to said induct on passa e are drille or formed at an increased ang e so as to give the incoming charge an upward swirling action as it enters-the working cylinder;

In the upper end of the pumping cylinder at is a port or passage m containing a suction or air inlet valve m and a delivery or non-return valve m by which the air drawn into the pumping cylinder through the valve m is discharged under pressure through the .valve m into a pipe Z which is led and connected to the port or passage h. A reservoir Z may be located in the length of the pipeZ but if the cubic capacity of said pipe is great enough the reservoir may be dis ensed with.

In the upper part of the Working cylinder dis a port or passage n closed by a mechanically operated valve n the function of which is to admit air under pressure into the cylinder for scavenging purposes. This port or passage is connected with the air injector nozzle 0 located in the exhaust pipe is as illustrated in Fig. 9.

In the pipe Z between the connections of the branch pipe Z and the ports or passages it is introduced a carbureter w for liquid hydrocarbon-which may be of any suitable typea convenient position being that shown in Figs. 1 and 2. On the delivery side of'the carbureter a non-return valve 0 may be fitted to prevent firing-back into the carbureter.

The annular chambers f and g are preferably forined by flanges a arranged to form annular grooves around the cylinder, the said grooves being closed by sleeves a mounted over and fixed to said flanges in any suitable manner to enable the inlet and exhaust ports to be drilled. In this construction the water jacket is formed by means of a detachable exterior sleeve or cylinder a as shown in Fig. 3;

rocking arm a and a connecting rod n b The valve 7' is operated through a lifter j, a rocking arm 9' anda connecting rod j by one or other of a series of cams p, p and p on the shaft d which is driven from the crank-shaft through any suitable type of gearing at the same speed thereas. The valve n is operated through a lifter M, a

one of two cams g and also on the shaft al thedista-nce apart of the cams g and 9 being the same as that ,of the cams p and 72 so that there is a neutral space betweenthem. I

f The, lifters 7' and no. work in guides ,1"

formed on or carried by a plate 0" adapted to slide on or in the box b carrying the shaft (Z so that by sliding the said plate the liftersj and n' can be brought into position to be operated by either of the cams of the series. The cams p and g are shaped to operate the valves 7' and n{ for running the engine in a forward directlon and the cams 72 and g for running the engine in the reverse or opposite direction. The cam p is shaped to operate the valve so that the engine will run in either direction, the obj cct being primarily to reduce the powerwhen reversing, but it may also be employed for normal working at reduced load.

The plate 1' is moved from one position to another by means of a hand lever .s' pivoted at s in any convenient position in respect to said plate and coupled thereto by a link 8. On the pivot s is also mounted a lever 25 one end of which is connected to the commutator g which is of any suitable type-shy a link a and the otherend of which is connected with a small bell-crank lever v pivoted to the hand lever s by means of a link v The free end of the bell-crank lever n moves over a notched quadrant 3 also'carried by the hand lever s. The moving arm 10 of a three-way switch w--placed in any suitable position in the circuit .of the electric ignition system-is connected with the hand lever s by a link such as s The working cycle of the engine when running in a forward direction, i. c. with the cams p and 9 operating, is as follows Supposing the duplex piston to have reached the end of its inner or return stroke the compressed charge is fired by an electric spark or any other suitable system and the duplex piston commences its outward stroke being the working stroke of the piston c and the suctionstroke of the piston 0 the air being drawn into the cylinder a through the valve m and the port or passage m. When the piston c uncovers the exhaust ports a the exhaust escapes through the said ports into the pipe is, and immediately the said ports are uncovered the scavenging valve n is opened which admits air under pressure from the pipe Z through the ipe Z into the cylinder whichsweeps out tiie products of combustion, the said scavenging valve being closed When the piston 0 reaches the end of its outer or working stroke. At this point the inlet valve j is opened which admits a charge of explosive mixture of gas and air into the cylinder through the inlet ports a the said char e being deflected upward in the cylinder by reason of the particular y formation of said (ports rises toward the top of the cylinder an operates to force the ex haust gases downward and out through the exhaust ports. As the piston 0 makes its inward or return stroke it closes the exhaust ports aand at a predetern'iined time before the piston reaches the inlet ports a the valve j is shut and the charge is compressed during the remainder of the inward or return stroke of the piston. The piston of the pumping cylinder a on its inward to return stroke compresses the air drawn into the e linder during the outward stroke and d livers 1t into the pipe Z through the valve m To facilitate starting the engine in the. first instance the pressure in the pipe Z or the reservoir Z may be obtained by means of a hand pump. To reverse the engine the plate 1' is shifted by means'of a hand lever s to bring the cams 79 into operation and the.

cams or 9 out of operation, which has the efiect both of reducing the power'of the engine and retarding its running and cutting the scavenging valve n out of action so that the reduced charge admitted by the v,alve .j is used both for scavenging and charging. The plate 1 bein shifted still farther brings the cams 79 an 9 into operation and the firing point being advanced at the same time by the movement of the lever 8 through the lever a) the charge 'is fired much earlier and causes the engine to rotate in the opposite direction. The three-way switch to being in connection with the lever s the current is cut off momentarily while the lifters are passing from one cam to the other so that there is no possibility of pre-ignition.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. An internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, comprising two cylinders ofdifferent diameters arranged tandem fashion the smaller being the working cylinder and piston with the crank-pin of said shaft, two

annularcha-mbers aroundthe workin cylinder the one connected to the admlssion' port or passage and the other connected to an exhaust pipe, a series of inlet ports in the working cylinder opening into the annular chamber connected to the admission port or passage, a series of exhaust ports in the working cylinder openinginto the annular chamber connected to the exhaust pipe, a mechanically operated valve located in the admission port or passage, a suction port in the'pumping cylinder, a suction valve'in said'porha delivery port inthe pumping cylinder,adelivery or non-return valve in said port, a port in the head of the working cylinder, a scavenging valve in said port, a pipe or passage connecting the delivery port of the pumping cylinder with the admission port or passage of the working cylinder, a carbureter in said pipe or passage, a branch from said pipe or passage leading to the scavenging valve, three cams for operating the inlet valve, two cams for operating the scavenging valve, lifters for communicatin the motion of said cams to said valves,an means for bringing said lifters into contact with one or other of the duplex cams, as set forth.

2. An internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, comprising two cylinders of different diameters arranged tandem fashion the smaller being the working cylinder and the larger an air pumping cylinder, an admission port or passage 1n the working cylinder, a duplex piston working in said cylinders, a crankshaft mounted 1n suitable bearings, a connecting rod for coupling the pistonwith the crank-pin of said shaft, two annular chambers around the working cyl; inder the one connected to the admission port or passage and the other connected to an exhaust pipe, a series'f of inlet ports in the working cylinder opening into the annular chamber connected to the admission port or passage, said ports being arranged partly radially with and partly tangentially to said chamber, a series of exhaust portsin the working cylinder opening into the annular chamber connected to the exhaust pipe, a'

mechanically operated valve located in the admission port or passage, a suction port in the pumping cylinder, a suction valve in said ort, a delivery port in the pumping cylin er, a delivery valve in said port, a port in thehead of the working cylinder, a

scaven in valve in said )ort a i e or passage connecting the delivery port of the pumplng cylinder with the admission port or passage of the working cylinder, a carbureter in said pipe or passage, a branch from said pipe or passage leading to the scavenging valve, three cams for operating the inlet val ve,'two cams for operating the scavenging valve, lifters for communicating the motion of said cams to said valve, and

means for bringing said lifters into contact with one or other forth. V v p a 3. An internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, comprising two cylinders of different diameters arranged tandem fashion of theduplex cams, as set the smaller being the working cylinder and the larger an air pumping cylinder, an admission port or passage in the working cylinder, a duplex piston working in said cylinders, a, crankshaft mounted in suitable bearings,a connecting rod for coupling the piston with the crank-pin of said shaft, two, i

annular chambers aroundthe working cylinder the, one connected to the admission .port or passage and the other connectedto an exhaust passage, a series of inlet ports in the working cylinder opening into the annular chamber connected to the admission port or passage, a series of exhaust ports in the working cylinder opening into-an anpumping cylinder with the admission port or passage of the working cylinder, a carburetor-in said pipe orpassage, a branchfrom said pipe or passage leading to the scavenging valve, three cams for operating the inlet valve, two cams for operating the scavenging valve, lifters for communicating -the motion of said cams to said valves, a

sliding plate carrying the lifters of the valves, a hand lever for shifting said plate,

anelectric ignition system, a three-way switch with two neutral positions in the electric ignition system, and means for coupling ,the contact-making lever of said switch to the lever-em loyed to' shift the positionsof the valve lifters, as set forth.

4. An internal combustion engine, of the two-cycle type, comprising two cylinders of different diameters arranged: tandem fashion the smaller being the working cylinder and the larger an air pumping cylinder, an ad mission port or passage in the working cylinder, aduplex plston working in said cylinders, a crank-shaft mounted in suitable bearings, a connecting rod for coupling the piston with the crank-pin of said shaft, two annular chambers around the working cylinder the one connected to the admission port or passage and the other connected to an exhaust pipe, a series of inlet ports in the working cylinder opening into the annular chamber connected to the admission port or passage, said ports being arranged partly radially with and partly tangentially to said chamber, a series of exhaust ports in the working cylinder opening intothe annular chamber connected to the exhaust pipe, a

mechanically operated valve located in the admission port-orpassage, asuction port in the pumping cylinder, a suction valve in said port, a delivery port in the pumping cylinder, a delivery valve in said port, .a port in the head of the workingcylinder, a scavengingvalve in said port, a pipe or passage connecting the delivery port of the pumping cylinder with the admission port or passage of theworking cylinder, a carburetor in said pipe orpassage, a branch from'said pipe or passage leading to the scavenging valve, three cams for operating theinlet valve, two cams for operating the scavenging'valve, lifters for communicating 'the motion of said cams to said valve, and means for bringing said lifters into contact exhaust with one or other of the duplex cams, as set forth;

5; An internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type comprising two cylinders of different diameters arranged-tandem fashion the smaller being the working cylinder and the larger an air pumping cylinder, an admission port or passage in the working cylinder, a duplex piston workin in sai cylinders, a crankshaft mounte in suitable bearings, a connecting rod for coupling the piston with the crank-pin of said shaft, two

annular chambers around. the working cylinpipe, a mechanically operated valve located in the admission port or passage, a suction port in the pumping cylinder, a' suction valve in "said port, a delivery port in the cylinder opening into the an-,

pumping cylinder, a delivery valve in said port, a port in the head of the working cylinder a scavenging valve in said port, a pipe or passage connecting the delivery port of the pumping cylinder with the admission port or passage of the working cylinder, a' arbureter in said pipe or passage,

a branch from said pipe or passage lea'ding to the scavenging valve, three cams for operating the inlet valve, two cams for operating the scavenging valve, lifters for communicating the motion of said cams to said valves, a sliding plate carrying the lifters of the valves, a hand lever for shifting said plate, an electric ignition system, a

three-way switch with two neutral positions in said electric ignition system, and means for coupling the contact-making lever of said switch to the lever employed to shift the positions of the valve lifters, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name in the presence of twosubseribing witnesses.

ALFRED GEORGE SCHOLES. Witnesses: i

G. V; SYMES, H. D. JAMESON. 

